Focusing on Form in a Dialogic Context … – Part 1

Over the past several weeks, we’ve taken a look at three of six High-Leverage Teaching Practices: Facilitating Target Language Comprehensibility, Building a Classroom Discourse Community, and Guiding Learners to Interpret and Discuss Authentic Texts. Two of those practices were further broken down into two smaller grain size practices.

All six High-Leverage Teaching Practices are contained in Enacting the Work of Language Instruction by Eileen W. Glisan and Richard Donato.

The three remaining HLTPs are Focusing on Form in a Dialogic Context Through PACE, Focusing on Cultural Products, Practices, Perspectives in a Dialogic Context, and Providing Oral Corrective Feedback to Improve Learner Performance. I will take a look at each of these practices in a separate post over the next couple of weeks.

Today we start with “Focus on Form …”

This is an area of discussion and great disagreement. The first sentence of the chapter tells us that it deals with Continue reading “Focusing on Form in a Dialogic Context … – Part 1”

Guiding Learners to Interpret and Discuss Authentic Texts – Part 7

In the past six posts, we have taken a look at the meaning of “authentic” and discussed what it means to use “authentic resources”.

We have looked at the interpretation phase of the High-Leverage Teaching Practice and seen that the relationship between interpretation and discussion seems a bit muddled in the description of the practice.

Now we come to the second part of the practice: Leading a Text-Based Discussion.

Before looking at this smaller “grain-size practice” (P. 66) in detail, two comments about the overall practice are in order:

Sometimes what one does not say is as important as what one says, and this case is no different. Missing from the title of this portion of the HTLP is the word “authentic”. This is because the “authenticity” of a text is Continue reading “Guiding Learners to Interpret and Discuss Authentic Texts – Part 7”

Guiding Learners to Interpret and Discuss Authentic Texts – Part 6

Well, let’s see how much further we get with this High Leverage Teaching Practice.

Last week we looked at the first step in the Interpretation phase:

Choose the (authentic) text

That led to an excursus on writing. If you didn’t see that, go here.

The second step in the Interpretation phase of this practice is

Plan the sequence of interpretive tasks

Glisan and Donato note that there are several recognized models for guiding students through texts, and the model they use draws on two different approaches.

Obviously, they had to choose a model for their book. It is not the only model, and teachers need to find and use a model that works for them.

In “Models of the Reading Process“, an article written for PMC, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Keith Rayner and Erik D. Reichle note: “Reading is a complex skill involving Continue reading “Guiding Learners to Interpret and Discuss Authentic Texts – Part 6”

Guiding Learners to Interpret and Discuss Authentic Texts – Part 5

It was beginning to look like we would never get to the practice itself, but we have finally arrived.

Glisan and Donato remind us in their discussion of this practice (see Enacting the Work of Language Instruction, 2017) that “interpretive work should never occur in isolation but should be viewed as part of a larger instructional practice, that is, participation in a text-based discussion.” (P. 70) On this point, the authors are slightly at odds with themselves, because the very next sentence states, “Text-based discussion … complement interpretive work by students and teachers.” (P. 70)

How can text-based discussion both the larger instructional practice that contains interpretation and a complement to interpretation?

I believe that the authors wished to link the two practices but could not find Continue reading “Guiding Learners to Interpret and Discuss Authentic Texts – Part 5”

Guiding Learners to Interpret and Discuss Authentic Texts – Part 4

I promised last week that I would get to looking at this High-Leverage Teaching Practice from Glisan and Donato’s book Enacting the Work of Language Instruction today.

Since it’s Christmas Eve, most people are probably with family and friends, and I don’t expect anyone to look at this right away. Still, I promised.

After spending three posts discussing the whole idea of “authentic texts”, I should note that “Guiding Learners to Interpret and Discuss (Authentic) Texts” works for all kinds of texts – and many teachers do this already.

Even though this is listed as a single practice, there are really two separate and distinct practices that go hand in hand: Guiding Continue reading “Guiding Learners to Interpret and Discuss Authentic Texts – Part 4”

Guiding Learners to Interpret and Discuss Authentic Texts – Part 3

Is Green Eggs and Ham by Dr Seuss an authentic text?

It certainly is by a native speaker for native speakers. It has become part of the American cultural landscape. It became the fourth-best selling children’s book of all time in 2001 (“All-Time Best Selling Children’s Books”. Publishers Weekly. 17 December 2001). It consistently scores in the top 10 on lists of popular children’s books by both children and adults (cf. two National Education Association Polls, Scholastic Parent and Child magazine, School Library Journal).

In Wolff v NH Department of Corrections et al., Judge James R. Muirhead rendered his judgment in the style of Green Eggs and Ham, which judgment ordered the destruction Continue reading “Guiding Learners to Interpret and Discuss Authentic Texts – Part 3”

Guiding Learners to Interpret and Discuss Authentic Texts – Part 2

Last week as we began looking at the High-Leverage Teaching Practice “Guiding Learners to Interpret and Discuss Authentic Texts”, we took a look at what the terms “authentic” and “text” mean.

Glisan and Donato in their book Enacting the Work of Language Instruction also try to give a definition of the term “authentic texts”. They write that students develop language and cultural proficiency through interesting talk and text in the target language. (p. 65) This is another way of saying that language learners acquire language through comprehensible input that engages them. In the classroom setting, the teacher is the primary provider of comprehensible input, especially in the early stages of instruction. If the teacher is not a native speaker – and the learner decidedly isn’t – how can they have “authentic” conversations according to the definition provided by Galloway and generally used throughout the language teaching community, i.e. “by members of a language and culture group for members of the same language and culture group”?

Glisan and Donato attempt to surmount this difficulty through a more complex and nuanced definition. They stress the need for students to attend to language “in the form of authentic texts – i.e., texts, be they printed, audio, or video, Continue reading “Guiding Learners to Interpret and Discuss Authentic Texts – Part 2”

Guiding Learners to Interpret and Discuss Authentic Texts – Part 1

Last week I took a look at the first two High Leverage Teaching Practices from  Glisan and Donato’s new book, Enacting the Work of Language Instruction. They were “Facilitating Target Language Comprehension” and “Building a Classroom Discourse Community”.

This week I’m taking a look another HLTP: “Guiding Learners to Interpret and Discuss Authentic Texts”. This one is so large and controversial that it needs a discussion all its own.

Background Considerations

The role of authentic texts is controversial in second language acquisition circles.

The desire to have students be able to read authentic texts in the target language is Continue reading “Guiding Learners to Interpret and Discuss Authentic Texts – Part 1”

Two (Relatively) New Books from ACTFL

Within the last year, the American Council on Teaching Foreign Language has published two books that have created a lot of interest and commentary in the language circles in which I move.

The two books are Enacting the Work of Language Instruction; High-Leverage Teaching Practices by Eileen W. Glisan and Richard Donato and While We’re on the Topic by Bill VanPatten.

Although I’ve had the Glisan and Donato book much longer than the VanPatten book, I recently finished both of them at nearly the same time. In the interest of full disclosure, I must admit that long flights have aided the reading considerably. When you are stuck in an airplane for several hours on your way to some conference, reading is a good way to pass the time – at least it is for me.

I found the two books interesting and complementary.

Enacting the Work of Language Instruction

presents six “High-Leverage Teaching Practices”, also called “Core Practices”:

  1. Facilitating Target Language Comprehensibility
  2. Building a Classroom Discourse Community
  3. Guiding Learners to Interpret and Discuss Authentic Texts
  4. Focusing on Form in a Dialogic Context
  5. Focusing on Cultural Products, Practices, Perspectives in a Dialogic Context
  6. Providing Oral Corrective Feedback to Improve Learner Performance

Continue reading “Two (Relatively) New Books from ACTFL”

Thoughts on ACTFL 2017

A year ago I wrote a post on my other blog (now dormant) about ACTFL 2016.

It’s hard to believe that another year has come and gone, and it is time to reflect on this year’s conference, which was held in Nashville, Tennessee.

In contrast to last year, I took a day flight to get here. While it was more comfortable than a red-eye flight, I did not arrive until nearly midnight after a very long day. By the time I got to the street, the only transportation available was a taxi to the hotel. When I got to the hotel and checked in, I was pretty tired.

The next day I had to get up early to meet with the crew that would be working in the Fluency Matters booth. Once again, Continue reading “Thoughts on ACTFL 2017”